Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Analyzing Fluctuating Asymmetry with Geometric Morphometrics: Concepts, Methods, and Applications
Approximately two decades after the first pioneering analyses, the study of shape asymmetry with the methods of geometric morphometrics has matured and is a burgeoning field. New technology for data collection and new methods and software for analysis are widely available and have led to numerous applications in plants and animals, including humans. This review summarizes the concepts and morph...
متن کاملFluctuating Asymmetry: Methods, Theory, and Applications
Fluctuating asymmetry consists of random deviations from perfect symmetry in populations of organisms. It is a measure of developmental noise, which reflects a population’s average state of adaptation and coadaptation. Moreover, it increases under both environmental and genetic stress, though responses are often inconsistent. Researchers base studies of fluctuating asymmetry upon deviations fro...
متن کاملGeometric Morphometrics
The field of morphometrics is developing quickly and recent advances allow for geometric techniques to be applied easily to many zoological problems. This article briefly introduces geometric morphometric techniques and then reviews selected areas where those techniques have been applied to questions of general interest. This article is relevant to non-specialists looking for an entry into geom...
متن کاملGeometric morphometrics and phylogeny
This paper reviews some of the important properties of geometric morphometric shape variables and discusses the advantages and limitations of the use of such data in studies of phylogeny. A method for fitting morphometric data to a phylogeny (i.e., estimating ancestral states of the shape variables) is presented using the squared-change parsimony criterion for estimation. These results are then...
متن کاملFluctuating Asymmetry
Fluctuating asymmetry refers to small random deviations from perfect symmetry in bilaterally paired structures; it is thought to reflect an organism’s ability to cope with genetic and environmental stress during development and its utility as an indicator of such stresses is based on the assumption that perfect symmetry is an a priori expectation for the ideal state of bilateral structures. Flu...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Symmetry
سال: 2015
ISSN: 2073-8994
DOI: 10.3390/sym7020843